Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality using Groundwater Quality Index (GQI) and GIS framework in Are Ekiti, Southwestern, Nigeria
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Groundwater is a vital source of drinking water in the crystalline terrain of Are Ekiti, southwest Nigeria. This study evaluates the suitability of groundwater for human consumption by analyzing 31 samples from surface wells. Chemical content was determined using titration and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), while the Groundwater Quality Index (GQI) and Geographic Information System (GIS) frameworks assessed spatial distribution and quality. The water quality index categorized the water as excellent, good, or poor, aiding local residents and policymakers in understanding water safety. Physical parameters included electrical conductivity (1.16–3.85 µS/cm), total dissolved solids (152.0–720.0 mg/l), and pH (5.96–8.11). Chemical analysis revealed elevated levels of potassium (K+) and TDS exceeding WHO-recommended limits, with cations such as Na+ (2.8–17.4 mg/l), K+ (8.2–29.5 mg/l), Ca2+ (9.5–22.1 mg/l), and Mg2+ (1.3–3.9 mg/l). Hydrogeochemical assessment indicated a dominant calcium-chloride water type, and Gibbs plot analysis highlighted rock-weathering processes as the primary influence on water chemistry. Despite elevated K+ and TDS in some samples, the overall GQI evaluation concludes that groundwater in the study area is generally excellent, safe, and suitable for consumption.
Publication Info:
Author: Eregha, I.V. , Afolabi, O.O. and Falae, P.O
Volume: 61
Issue: September
Published By: Journal of Mining and Geology Vol. 61(1) 2025. pp. 51 - 62, 2025-12-01